Original Article
Mana V; Mohammadreza Pourjafar; Mojtaba Rafieian
Abstract
An ideal urban environment can provide people with a sense of comfort and ease, contributing to the promotion of positive public emotions. However, during the rapid urban development process, dense and busy urban environments have triggered mental stress and anxiety among people, leading to the reinforcement ...
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An ideal urban environment can provide people with a sense of comfort and ease, contributing to the promotion of positive public emotions. However, during the rapid urban development process, dense and busy urban environments have triggered mental stress and anxiety among people, leading to the reinforcement of negative emotions. Nevertheless, the reality is that the lack of useful information about the relationship between multidimensional urban environments and emotions has hindered progress toward understanding which elements in cities affect public emotions and how the built urban environment can be improved to create more human-centered urban spaces. An important issue often overlooked in urban planning and design is the failure to consider the deep connection between urban spaces and people’s everyday emotions, which can result in cities with dull and lifeless spaces. The aim of this research is to explain and identify the dominant themes in studies related to the "urban emotions" layer, utilizing tools such as systematic review and meta-analysis. To address the research objective, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, with the research population consisting of Persian and English scientific articles. The search was carried out manually, based on relevant keywords (emotions, urban studies), and according to the type of proposed hypothesis, approximately 2086 studies were identified. There has been limited research on emotions such as feelings of rejection in urban spaces and urban isolation. Furthermore, the emotions of children and women have not been sufficiently explored in depth, indicating a significant research gap in this area. The final outcome of this research is a theoretical framework of the dimensions and factors influencing the formation of emotions in cities, aimed at improving the urban quality of these spaces.
Original Article
Mohsen Ahadnejad Reveshty; Mohamad tagh heydari; Hossein Tahmasebi Moghadam; Amirhossein Sheikh Mohammadi
Abstract
The increasing urban population in recent decades has subjected cities to various forces and challenges, including urban traffic, the growth of informal settlements, uncontrolled urban expansion, and social anomalies. These issues, both directly and indirectly, lead to increased crime rates, unemployment, ...
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The increasing urban population in recent decades has subjected cities to various forces and challenges, including urban traffic, the growth of informal settlements, uncontrolled urban expansion, and social anomalies. These issues, both directly and indirectly, lead to increased crime rates, unemployment, and limited access to adequate urban services, all of which negatively impact urban quality of life. Understanding the spatial form, structure, and growth of a city can play a crucial role in the success of urban planners and policymakers. In this context, the present study analyzes the spatial distribution of smart growth indicators in the regions of Zanjan city using objective and spatial data. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied, with data collected through documentary and library-based methods. For spatial analysis, the TODIM model and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were applied within a Geographic Information System (GIS). The findings indicate that the overall residential density, net building density, and building concentration percentage are of high significance. Furthermore, the rate of consistency in the pairwise comparison of the research criteria is less than 0.1. Among the 27 districts of Zanjan city, district 7-1 (Karmandan neighborhood) with a score of 1 is in an optimal condition, whereas districts 9-3 (Fatemieh neighborhood), 5-1, and 8-2, with a score of 0, are in an unfavorable condition. These results can assist urban planners in developing optimal strategies for urban growth management and improving urban quality of life.
Original Article
Ghader ahmadi; Mojtaba Azmoun
Abstract
Today, urban heat islands have become one of the most challenging topics in urban studies, and in addition to their primary impact on average temperatures, they can also have secondary effects on local climatic conditions. This phenomenon is mainly caused by excessive surface heating and heat retention, ...
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Today, urban heat islands have become one of the most challenging topics in urban studies, and in addition to their primary impact on average temperatures, they can also have secondary effects on local climatic conditions. This phenomenon is mainly caused by excessive surface heating and heat retention, pollution emissions, human-induced warming, obstruction of wind circulation, and reduced evaporation and transpiration. This research, while addressing various aspects, has attempted to use the Landsat 8 sensor's distinct window algorithm, combining thermal bands 10 and 11 to obtain daytime land surface temperatures, and the MODIS sensor to obtain nighttime land surface temperatures. To determine the heat island areas in the city of Tabriz, two analyses were conducted: global and local spatial autocorrelation using Moran's I, and the hot spot analysis using Getis, both performed in ArcMap software. The maximum impact of the indicators was derived from multiple linear regression analysis in SPSS software. The results indicate that the highest daytime hot spots are in Region 6 around Tabriz Airport with a temperature of 27.27 degrees, while the highest nighttime temperature of 17.07 degrees was recorded in Region 3. According to the spatial analysis by Moran, both heat islands exhibited a clustered pattern. Areas lacking coverage formed the coolest surfaces at night, and the built environment had the least impact with a negative score of 0.897. The influencing factors on nighttime heat islands were found to be average building density and appropriate orientation.
Original Article
Raheleh Parvin; hossein esmaeili sangari; Akbar Abdollahzadeh Taraf
Abstract
Historical Bazaars are the refuge of social, cultural, economic, and political visas, representing the mana identity of a society. The significance of the nature of the bazaar in Iran, in addition to the rich Iranian culture, is also manifested in social aspects. The World Heritage Complex of the Historical ...
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Historical Bazaars are the refuge of social, cultural, economic, and political visas, representing the mana identity of a society. The significance of the nature of the bazaar in Iran, in addition to the rich Iranian culture, is also manifested in social aspects. The World Heritage Complex of the Historical Bazaar of Tabriz, with its history of cultural richness, certainly plays a great role in promoting social approaches. However, by reflecting on the transformation of social capital in the essence of the synergy of values and socialization, it increasingly reveals the necessity of applying the indicators of sustainable development in terms of continuity. Therefore, the present study aims to answer the main question "What are the key components of social sustainability in the development of the social capital of the World Heritage Complex of the Tabriz Historical Bazaar?" , investigates the factors affecting socialization in expressing the indicators of sustainable social development in the categories of "form" and "content". The research method is descriptive-analytical and qualitative with a self-ethnography approach. In this way, in the interpretation of library studies, historical documents, and random interviews according to the grounded theory, in the 7 steps of the Sandulsky and Barroso model, the expression of the researcher's experiences is pragmatically involved. In the meantime, it uses the CASP method in filtering the written materials appropriate to the purpose of the research, as well as the MAXQDA 2020 software in obtaining the items. Therefore, to explain the components of the development of social sustainability, the scrutiny of subjective elements in identifying the needs of activists by creating collective spaces in the maximum and confronting social anomalies in the socio-cultural aspect is valuable in the category of social capital continuity.
Original Article
elham shahabi; yaser shahbazi; Azita Balali Oskoei
Abstract
Objective:
Humans, both individually and socially, seek spatial environments and define boundaries to achieve desired conditions. Establishing territorial dimensions in space constitutes the first step toward spatial identity formation and the localization of place. A lack of adequate understanding ...
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Objective:
Humans, both individually and socially, seek spatial environments and define boundaries to achieve desired conditions. Establishing territorial dimensions in space constitutes the first step toward spatial identity formation and the localization of place. A lack of adequate understanding of socio-cultural foundations remains a critical challenge in urban design. This study investigates spatial territoriality as a fundamental need for human presence and the formation of meaningful places, examining culture as a moderating variable in the differentiation of territorial preferences across diverse cultures. The main research question addresses how culture, social experiences, and individual perceptions guide humans’ desire for optimal spatial territoriality and social interactions within collective environments.
Methods:
The present research is applied in nature and employs a quantitative methodology. Initially, territoriality indicators were extracted through theoretical and conceptual studies. These indicators were then assessed via a survey conducted among samples from various Iranian subcultures to examine differences and behavioral patterns related to the preferred formation of spatial territories.
Conclusions:
Data analysis revealed that cultural and social dimensions exert the greatest influence on the determinants of spatial territoriality and interpersonal behaviors in collective environments. Temporal and cultural contexts also serve as moderating factors, elucidating the complexity of spatial experiences across subcultures. The findings indicate that the design and management of collective spaces, without an understanding of cultural and perceptual differences, limit the possibility of establishing optimal spatial territories and social life. Therefore, attention to cultural and social factors, alongside physical and psychological dimensions, is essential for the creation of meaningful, interaction-oriented, and functional spaces within social environments.
Original Article
behnam bagheri; Mohammad taqi Masoumi
Abstract
Considering that health is the axis of social, economic, political, and cultural development of all human societies, identifying deprived areas in terms of access to medical services for all members of society is essential. The present study was an applied research in terms of its purpose and its method ...
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Considering that health is the axis of social, economic, political, and cultural development of all human societies, identifying deprived areas in terms of access to medical services for all members of society is essential. The present study was an applied research in terms of its purpose and its method was descriptive-analytical. The purpose of the study is to analyze the spatial distribution of public clinics in the city of Ardabil and identify the service area of each clinic using network analysis using the capabilities of geographic technologies and ultimately identify neighborhoods deprived of the aforementioned services and explain the spatial inequality existing in the city. The research method was carried out in three phases. In the first phase, information on the number, names, and addresses of clinics was obtained from Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. The location of the sites was recorded using a GPS receiver and during field operations, and it was converted into a map using ArcGIS software. The second phase was to create a network analysis layer with the city boundary and analyze the service area of public clinics, which was used to determine the service area of the clinics from a distance of 750 meters. The third phase was to identify urban neighborhoods deprived of public clinic services. The results of the research showed that the distribution of public clinic services at the level of regions and neighborhoods of Ardabil city is not in a desirable state. Among the urban areas, Region 2, with the largest urban area, only 33 percent is covered by the standard of clinic services, and only 40 percent of the total area of Ardabil city is covered by the standard of clinic services. Therefore, this issue indicates the lack of spatial justice in the distribution of clinic services in Ardabil city
Original Article
Ali Zeynali Aim; Ali Azar; Shoeila Hamidzadeh Khayavi
Abstract
With the rapid growth of the urban population, cities are facing many challenges, including the increase in crime and violence in urban spaces. Meanwhile, the smart city has been proposed as a strategy to improve the security of urban spaces. The main goal of the current research is to analyze the factors ...
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With the rapid growth of the urban population, cities are facing many challenges, including the increase in crime and violence in urban spaces. Meanwhile, the smart city has been proposed as a strategy to improve the security of urban spaces. The main goal of the current research is to analyze the factors affecting the reduction of crime and violence in the urban spaces of Tehran with a smart city approach. The research method is descriptive-analytical. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population includes the population of Tehran, which is equal to 9039,000 people. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 384 people. The findings were analyzed using second order confirmatory factor analysis, multivariate regression and path analysis. The results of the factor analysis show that among all the examined indicators, smart lighting with a standard factor load of 0.87 and smart surveillance with a factor load of 0.84 have the most effect compared to other variables in reducing crime and violence in Tehran's urban spaces, and the transport management index and Public transport with a standardized factor load of 0.70 had the least effect in reducing crime and violence in urban areas of Tehran. Also, the results of the path analysis showed that the main factor of security in public spaces with a total effect of 1.02 was the highest and education and participation of citizens in security with a total effect of 0.86 had the lowest effect in reducing crime and violence in the urban spaces of Tehran. This research showed that the smart city of urban spaces, especially focusing on lighting and smart monitoring, can have a significant effect on reducing crime and violence.
Original Article
NAVID AHANGARI; Asma Yavari
Abstract
Green infrastructure and ecosystem services have emerged as critical concepts for enhancing environmental planning in urban areas, as they provide a more comprehensive understanding of the complex and dynamic relationships within socio-ecological systems. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis on ...
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Green infrastructure and ecosystem services have emerged as critical concepts for enhancing environmental planning in urban areas, as they provide a more comprehensive understanding of the complex and dynamic relationships within socio-ecological systems. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis on the role of green infrastructure in sustaining urban ecosystem services in Tehran metropolis. The research adopts an applied, descriptive–analytical approach, combining systematic literature review and path analysis. The systematic review was conducted using bibliometric analysis of articles published between 1995 and 2024, with the support of VOSviewer software. For the path analysis, the SMARTPLS software was employed. The statistical population consists of experts in the field of green infrastructure and urban ecosystem services, from whom a purposive sample of 96 individuals was selected using Cochran’s formula. The findings from the systematic review revealed a significant increase in scientific attention to green infrastructure, ecosystem services, and urban issues since 2005. Co-authorship analysis highlighted the scientific leadership of the USA, Germany, and the UK, while keywords such as “ecosystem services” and “green infrastructure” were central to academic discourse. Structural equation modeling indicated that all pathways from green infrastructure to urban ecosystem services were statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. The significance values for spatial networking (5.170), multifunctionality (2.183), strategic planning (3.177), ecological quality (2.546), and human well-being linkage (2.555), as well as the overall impact of green infrastructure (5.441), confirm the positive and meaningful influence of green infrastructure on ecosystem service sustainability. These findings underline the necessity for policymakers to prioritize the strategic development and enhancement of green infrastructure as a foundational step toward more sustainable urban futures.
Original Article
faezeh taheri; maryam navidi
Abstract
One of the oldest and most historic neighborhoods in Kermanshah, Chanani neighborhood has valuable physical, social, and cultural potential; however, over time and due to problems such as physical deterioration, reduced environmental quality, communication breakdown, and decreased resident participation, ...
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One of the oldest and most historic neighborhoods in Kermanshah, Chanani neighborhood has valuable physical, social, and cultural potential; however, over time and due to problems such as physical deterioration, reduced environmental quality, communication breakdown, and decreased resident participation, it requires targeted interventions for urban regeneration.Meanwhile, utilizing a priority planning approach can enable the identification and strengthening of key components effective in improving environmental quality and revitalizing neighborhood identity.The aim of the present study is to analyze and prioritize the components affecting the urban regeneration of Chanani neighborhood, within the framework of six indicators.The research method is applied in nature and descriptive-analytical in method, which first deals with the theoretical part of the research using documentary studies and library resources. Then, the research items are measured based on six reproducibility indicators.The tools used in this research are field observation, questionnaire and interview. The statistical population includes residents of Chanani neighborhood and the sample size is 278 people according to the calculation and Morgan table. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the research questions is calculated as 0.823, which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using statistical tests including one-sample t-test and Friedman test to assess the current situation and rank variables, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and correlation matrix tests were used to reduce dimensions, examine the relationships between variables, and their impact. The results indicate that in the current situation of the Chanani neighborhood, the service-functional, economic, and environmental indices have the highest rank in improving the neighborhood's status, and also, exploratory factor analysis extracted eight effective factors with a total explained variance of 69/92%. The first factor (service-physical) with high factor loadings for variables related to urban infrastructure, green spaces, security, educational-welfare services, and architectural quality was identified as the most effective factor for priority planning
Original Article
Fatemeh Saffarsabzevar
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to identify urban design strategies that can support positive parenting.
Methods: To achieve the research goal, structural modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) was employed. The statistical population of the study consists of parents with children aged 3 to 12 years residing ...
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Objective: This study aims to identify urban design strategies that can support positive parenting.
Methods: To achieve the research goal, structural modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) was employed. The statistical population of the study consists of parents with children aged 3 to 12 years residing in various urban areas. A convenience sampling method was employed in kindergartens, elementary schools, and urban health centers, yielding a sample size of 390 participants. Data collection was conducted using a researcher-designed questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and Smart PLS 3 software.
Results: The findings reveal that: (1) healthy, attractive, and safe environments—achieved through interventions such as accessible, engaging, and free play spaces for children; (2) positive learning environments—facilitated by integrating play-based learning into everyday urban contexts and developing playful learning landscapes near residential areas; and (3) reducing parental fatigue—supported through the design of inclusive public spaces for parents and children, as well as improved access to supportive services, education, and similar initiatives—have a significant impact on positive parenting.
Conclusions: Research results highlight the potential of urban design to support parents in fostering positive parenting practices
Original Article
Ebrahim Sharifzadeh Aghadam; dana Alizadeh; Mahtab alinezhad
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the socio-cultural functions of urban parks in Mashhad and to identify the mechanisms through which their positive functions are transformed into dysfunctional social outcomes.
Materials and Methods: A mixed methodological approach was adopted, combining ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the socio-cultural functions of urban parks in Mashhad and to identify the mechanisms through which their positive functions are transformed into dysfunctional social outcomes.
Materials and Methods: A mixed methodological approach was adopted, combining qualitative inquiry with Social Impact Assessment (ETA). In the qualitative phase, fifty in-depth interviews were conducted with local stakeholders, community informants, and key actors across Mashhad’s 13 municipal districts. Field observations were also used to contextualize social dynamics within parks. In the second phase, ETA was applied to classify both positive and negative social impacts of park design, management, and use.
Results: The findings indicate that urban parks and green spaces are exposed to negative social impacts. These impacts significantly reduce citizens’ sense of belonging, social participation, and effective use of green spaces, creating dysfunctions in socialization. The central phenomenon is “decline in public acceptance,” reproduced through cycles of “fragile social security,” “structural abandonment,” “weak social solidarity,” and “lack of inclusion.” In contrast, three strategies—“empowering collective happiness,” “enhancing interaction,” and “eliminating discrimination”—activate a sense of belonging and citizen participation, leading to positive outcomes such as “reducing marginalization,” “strengthening collective belief,” and “improving quality of life.”
Conclusion: The research concludes that if strong and intertwined relationships between local and urban communities can be utilized in effective urban management—whose essence is local participation—it will enable more organized and desirable urban governance. The output is an explanatory conceptual model and an implementation plan for urban management (municipality and partner institutions), which suggests prioritizing interventions in accordance with local identity and spatial justice.
Original Article
Narges Mahmoudi; Akbar Mohammadi
Abstract
The unbalanced and unequal development of urban spatial organization has deprived citizens of equitable access to spatial justice, resulting in growing spatial, social, and economic disparities throughout the urban fabric. This pattern is particularly pronounced in many Iranian cities, including Qazvin, ...
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The unbalanced and unequal development of urban spatial organization has deprived citizens of equitable access to spatial justice, resulting in growing spatial, social, and economic disparities throughout the urban fabric. This pattern is particularly pronounced in many Iranian cities, including Qazvin, where unequal access to urban services, infrastructure, and public spaces has created significant urban management challenges. The present study, selecting Qazvin as its case study, seeks to identify the key factors influencing the realization of spatial justice in urban spatial organization and to offer strategies for its revitalization and restructuring. The overarching objective is to formulate a more balanced and inclusive model of urban development in which all social groups enjoy equal opportunities to access urban resources, services, and spaces. In the initial stage of the study, 41 indicators influencing spatial justice in urban spatial organization were identified through comprehensive documentary and literature review. These indicators were then evaluated through expert consultations using the Delphi method. Structural analysis was conducted using MICMAC software to determine the most influential and interrelated factors. The research findings reveal that eight key factors are central to achieving spatial justice: balancing settlement patterns and population distribution across urban neighborhoods; developing inclusive public spaces for diverse age and gender groups; enhancing intra- and inter-city transport infrastructure; implementing participatory spatial planning; promoting affordable and mixed housing; increasing employment diversity across urban districts; integrating advanced technologies; and encouraging private investment in less-developed areas. These factors contribute directly to improving urban quality of life, reducing spatial inequalities, and increasing citizen satisfaction. Moreover, spatial justice, as a cornerstone of sustainable urban development, can enhance social cohesion and strengthen social capital. Nonetheless, barriers such as fragmented policymaking, lack of integrated planning, and insufficient responsiveness to residents’ needs can significantly limit the effectiveness of these efforts.
Original Article
hadi hakimi; rasoul ghorbani; aref garekhan nezhad
Abstract
informal settlement neighborhoods have emerged as a direct consequence of the instability in urban development and the inability of housing policies to meet the needs of low-income and vulnerable groups. These neighborhoods, often lacking proper planning and adequate investment, face numerous challenges ...
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informal settlement neighborhoods have emerged as a direct consequence of the instability in urban development and the inability of housing policies to meet the needs of low-income and vulnerable groups. These neighborhoods, often lacking proper planning and adequate investment, face numerous challenges including informal employment, social isolation, insufficient access to basic services, and low living standards. Among these issues, the sense of place attachment among residents can play a decisive role in either mitigating or exacerbating social and economic vulnerabilities. The main objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the relationship between different dimensions of place attachment (including physical, social, and psychological dimensions) and the level of socio-economic vulnerabilities in selected marginal neighborhoods of Tabriz city. The research method was descriptive-correlational with an applied purpose. The statistical population consisted of all residents over 15 years old in the selected marginal neighborhoods of Tabriz, from which a sample of 384 individuals was chosen using cluster sampling. Data collection tools included two researcher-made questionnaires: one measuring socio-economic vulnerabilities and the other assessing place attachment. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software through Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests. The findings revealed a significant statistical relationship between the dimensions of place attachment and the level of existing vulnerabilities in the neighborhoods. Specifically, the physical-spatial dimension had the greatest impact (β=0.543), while the psychological dimension had the least (β=0.109). Overall, these three dimensions explained about 73% of the variance in socio-economic vulnerabilities. The general conclusion of the study indicates that strengthening and enhancing the sense of place attachment among residents, particularly through the physical dimension of space, can serve as an effective strategy for reducing socio-economic vulnerabilities. It also underscores the necessity of serious attention to these identity-related components in future planning aimed at empowering and organizing such neighborhoods.
Original Article
shahrivar rostaei; Hossein Abbasiasl; Iraj Teimouri
Abstract
Background and objective: Urban quality of life in small cities particularly under conditions of constrained resources requires evidence-based prioritization of interventions. This study seeks to elucidate the factors influencing urban quality of life in the small city of Nazik and to derive improvement ...
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Background and objective: Urban quality of life in small cities particularly under conditions of constrained resources requires evidence-based prioritization of interventions. This study seeks to elucidate the factors influencing urban quality of life in the small city of Nazik and to derive improvement priorities using an importance performance approach.
Methodology: Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey using a Likert-scale questionnaire; a total of 383 valid responses were obtained. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling and bootstrapping. Importance performance analysis was then conducted based on standardized total effects and perceived performance (scored from 0 to 100). To determine intervention priorities, the performance gap relative to the median performance and a priority index were calculated.
Findings: Descriptive results indicated that “security” had the highest mean satisfaction (3.51), whereas “health and healthcare” had the lowest mean satisfaction (1.96). In the structural model, “social cohesion” emerged as the strongest predictor of urban quality of life. The social dimension and urban facilities and services also exhibited positive and statistically significant effects. In contrast, housing showed a negative and significant effect. The model demonstrated satisfactory fit and predictive power for urban quality of life. Based on the importance–performance analysis, urban governance, health and healthcare, and urban services were identified as the primary improvement priorities.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that improving quality of life in Nazik depends primarily on strengthening neighborhood-level social capital, enhancing urban governance, and improving access to health and urban services. In the housing domain, particular emphasis should be placed on alleviating residential pressures and pursuing qualitative reforms in policies and interventions.
Original Article
sharifeh sargolzaei; javad Alaei Moghaddam
Abstract
One of the key challenges for contemporary urban planners is the assessment of quality of life in new towns from social and cultural perspectives, as such evaluations provide a clearer vision for the social and cultural development of these cities. Quality-of-life classification serves as a tool for ...
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One of the key challenges for contemporary urban planners is the assessment of quality of life in new towns from social and cultural perspectives, as such evaluations provide a clearer vision for the social and cultural development of these cities. Quality-of-life classification serves as a tool for more effective urban planning; accordingly, this study aims to model the assessment of quality of life in new towns from social and cultural perspectives based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, taking the new town of Ramshar as a case study. To test the constructs derived from the theoretical foundations and the conceptual model, quality-of-life levels in new towns were first classified through a comparative analysis of the conceptual model and Maslow’s hierarchy, leading to the development of an initial model for quality-of-life assessment. The model was subsequently tested using data obtained from 127 questionnaires completed by residents of Ramshar New Town. Construct analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in SmartPLS software. The final model identifies seven resident-validated constructs: changes in living conditions (CHL), social security (SSE), proportionality with behavioral patterns (PROP), social justice (SJUS), social trust (STR), social harms (SHRM), and employment status (EMPS). A binary comparison with Maslow’s hierarchy indicated that these constructs correspond primarily to the lower levels of the hierarchy; therefore, the quality-of-life level in Ramshar New Town is classified at the lowest level. This study demonstrates that the Maslow-based New Towns Quality of Life Assessment Model (MNQOLAM) provides an effective tool for identifying quality-of-life levels in new towns, enabling municipal managers and planners to determine residents’ needs and design interventions to enhance overall quality of life.
Original Article
Mousa Saadati
Abstract
Objective: Perceived social discrimination is one of the key factors influencing juvenile delinquency in marginalized urban areas and can contribute to broader social problems. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived social discrimination and delinquent behavior among ...
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Objective: Perceived social discrimination is one of the key factors influencing juvenile delinquency in marginalized urban areas and can contribute to broader social problems. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived social discrimination and delinquent behavior among adolescents living in marginalized areas of Qazvin city, as well as to analyze the effects of different dimensions of discrimination (economic, educational, cultural, and institutional) on delinquent behavior.
Methods: This research employed a quantitative, survey-based method. The statistical population consisted of 380 adolescents residing in marginalized areas, who were selected using Cochran’s formula and a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Pearson correlation analysis indicated that all dimensions of perceived social discrimination, except cultural discrimination, had positive and significant relationships with overall delinquency and its components, including risky behavior, criminal behavior, and school dropout/truancy. In the multivariate regression model, institutional, economic, and educational discrimination had the greatest impact on delinquency, and the model’s adjusted coefficient of determination was 0.464, indicating that these dimensions explained 46.4% of the variance in delinquent behavior.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that reducing social and economic discrimination and promoting equal opportunities can play a crucial role in preventing juvenile delinquency. Furthermore, the results emphasize that social policies and programs should focus on improving educational, economic, and institutional conditions in marginalized areas to prevent the formation of cycles of inequality and the escalation of delinquent behaviors among adolescents.
Original Article
Robab hoseinzadeh; soheila pourkarim barabad
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a comprehensive analytical framework for assessing the performance of mining cities in achieving urban sustainable development, with a specific focus on the Sangan–Khaf mining region as a case study.
Methods: The research is applied in nature and adopts ...
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Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a comprehensive analytical framework for assessing the performance of mining cities in achieving urban sustainable development, with a specific focus on the Sangan–Khaf mining region as a case study.
Methods: The research is applied in nature and adopts a descriptive–analytical approach. The statistical population comprises residents of the Sangan region, which had a population of 26,564 according to the 2016 national census. Based on Cochran’s formula, a sample of 379 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed through one-sample t-tests and multivariate regression analysis to evaluate both the sustainability status and the effects of mining city performance on urban sustainable development.
Results: The results of the t-test showed that economic dependence has the highest average of 3.645 and environmental challenges have the lowest average of 2.695; in addition, social impacts with an average of 3.127 are beyond the desired baseline, but the quality of governance with an average of 2.889 is below the desired average. In order to investigate the effects of the mining city's performance on sustainable urban development in the Sangan region, a multivariate regression analysis was used. Economic dependence has the greatest positive effect, and environmental challenges have the greatest negative effect. Social impacts and governance quality also have a significant positive effect.
Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate that urban development in the mining city of Sangan is predominantly driven by economic dependency on mining activities, which, despite its positive contribution to development, has not translated into balanced sustainability outcomes. Environmental degradation emerges as the most critical barrier to sustainable urban development, while weaknesses in governance further constrain long-term sustainability. Accordingly, without substantial improvements in environmental management and institutional governance, continued economic growth alone will be insufficient to achieve sustainable urban development in the Sangan–Khaf region.
Original Article
minu gharehbaglou; sina piralaie
Abstract
Introduction: Today, the market is one of the most important urban public spaces left over from the past and the greatest achievement of Islamic civilization in Islamic countries, especially in Iran, which has a special place and importance in cities.Methodology: Considering the importance of historical ...
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Introduction: Today, the market is one of the most important urban public spaces left over from the past and the greatest achievement of Islamic civilization in Islamic countries, especially in Iran, which has a special place and importance in cities.Methodology: Considering the importance of historical spaces, this research aimed to identify the factors affecting historical spaces (Ardabil Bazaar) based on cultural ecology.
Results: The research is applied in terms of purpose and its research method is descriptive-analytical. To collect data, library-documentary and field studies in the form of observation, questionnaire tools and opinions of experts related to the subject were used to achieve the research objectives.Data and research information were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software.Discussion:Among the components studied, the component of conformity has the highest effect and the component of spatial belonging has the least effect and importance in the historical market of Ardabil. Also, among the items related to the adaptation component, the multi-functional item is public spaces, among the items related to the two-way causality component, the item is not boring the facade and the space of the surrounding streets, among the items related to the core of culture, the item is compatible with human dimensions, among the items related to the temporality component, the item is accessibility of cinemas, theaters, cafes, restaurants and public meeting places, among the items related to the spatial belonging component, the item is the level of formation of social relations and interactions in space, and among the items related to the activity perspective component, the item is beautiful architecture, have the greatest importance and impact on the performance of the historical bazaar of Ardabil city.Conclusion: The factors affecting the historical market of Ardabil were categorized into six components: adaptation, two-way causality, core of culture, temporality,spatial belonging and activity perspective
Original Article
Hamid-Reza Rakhshaninasab; Mojtaba soleimani damaneh; Iraj Dorzadehrah
Abstract
the sample size was estimated to be 379 people using Cochran, and finally, in order to increase the level of accuracy and completeness, 383 people were considered. The research data and information were analyzed in the form of SPSS software and using one-sample t-test, factor analysis and regression ...
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the sample size was estimated to be 379 people using Cochran, and finally, in order to increase the level of accuracy and completeness, 383 people were considered. The research data and information were analyzed in the form of SPSS software and using one-sample t-test, factor analysis and regression statistical tests. The one-sample t-test results show that the tourism industry of Lashar County has an average status with an average of 3.019. In such a way that the economic dimension with an average of 2.97 and the physical-infrastructure dimension with an average of 2.99 are not at a desirable level. The results of factor analysis indicate that the components of entrepreneurship and innovation of the tourism industry of Lashar County were categorized into 4 groups, in which in the first group, the component of human resources quality with a correlation coefficient of 0.747, in the second group, the component of change in market structure with a correlation coefficient of 0.733, in the third group, the component of cooperation between residents with a correlation coefficient of 0.737 and finally in the fourth group, the component of improving local experiences with a correlation coefficient of 0.636, have the highest correlation coefficient. Finally, the results of the stepwise regression show that among the dimensions of entrepreneurship and tourism innovation in Lashar County, the socio-cultural dimension has the highest impact with a beta value of 0.495, and the physical-infrastructure dimension has the lowest impact with a beta coefficient of 0.124. According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that Lashar County tourism is weak in the field of information technology (Internet, cyberspace, etc.) and also the entrepreneurial spirit of the residents, which can be resolved with proper planning by the authorities.
Original Article
Azra Moshtagheh Mehr; Jalil Babapour
Abstract
Excessive artificial light at night contributes to light pollution, which is recognized as an environmental hazard and a significant challenge to human health in the 21st century, particularly in urban areas. In this context, the present study was conducted to investigate the distribution of light pollution ...
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Excessive artificial light at night contributes to light pollution, which is recognized as an environmental hazard and a significant challenge to human health in the 21st century, particularly in urban areas. In this context, the present study was conducted to investigate the distribution of light pollution and evaluate its effects on the mental health of the citizens of Tabriz. In the present study, VIIRS_DNB satellite data were utilized to extract a nighttime light pollution map for the city of Tabriz. Additionally, the study employed the World Health Organization (WHO) standard self-report questionnaire, SRQ-20. The statistical population comprised all citizens of Tabriz, with a sample size of 200 individuals. Data analysis was conducted using the one-sample t-test and Duncan's test. According to the research findings, the range of nighttime artificial light in Tabriz City varies from a minimum of 0.3117 to a maximum of 203.794 Nanowatts/sr/cm². Light pollution clusters are located in areas 1, 2, 5, and 8 of the city. The results of the t-test indicated that poor sleep, lack of readiness to engage in productive activities, and feelings of fatigue are among the most significant psychological consequences of nighttime light pollution. Furthermore, the results of Duncan's test suggest that light pollution does not have a significant geographical impact on mental health. Despite the presence of clustered pollution in certain areas, it did not have a greater effect on the mental health of residents in these areas. The results of the present study underscore the necessity of addressing light pollution to enhance biological sustainability and promote public health among citizens. Hence, it is essential to address the issue of light pollution as a significant biological hazard in urban areas during the urban planning process.
Original Article
قهرمانی ghahremani; Ali Vakhshouri; Abdolrasoul Ghanbari
Abstract
Rapid urbanization and pressure on natural resources have highlighted the importance of enhancing urban livability. Urban livability, focusing on citizens’ quality of life, well-being, and health, is influenced by environmental indicators, microclimatic conditions, and biophilic factors. Accordingly, ...
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Rapid urbanization and pressure on natural resources have highlighted the importance of enhancing urban livability. Urban livability, focusing on citizens’ quality of life, well-being, and health, is influenced by environmental indicators, microclimatic conditions, and biophilic factors. Accordingly, this study aims to assess the factors affecting urban livability with Emphasis on Microclimatic and Biophilic Indicators in the Metropolis of Shiraz. The research is applied in nature and follows a descriptive-analytical approach, with data collected through library and field methods. Geographic Weighted Regression (GWR) was employed for data analysis. The results indicated that, in the economic dimension of livability, an average unemployment rate of 37.4% and female economic participation of 12.18% reflect concentrated unemployment and weak female participation, whereas the labor force ratio of 34.28% and employment rate of 87.53% suggest relative stability in the labor market. In the social dimension, aging at 6.66% and prevalence of lower-level occupations at 51.68% indicate class-related challenges. In the physical dimension, apartment dwelling at 36.54% and units under 100 m² at 48.6% demonstrate concentrated density and the small scale of housing in the city. Microclimatic and biophilic indicators showed that NDVI distribution in Shiraz is heterogeneous and concentrated in peripheral gardens and riverbanks, while dense central areas with higher DTR, lower albedo, and higher heat absorption suffer from thermal instability. Moreover, spatial differences in seasonal precipitation, especially in northern parts, indicate higher vulnerability to water stress and spatial inequality in urban environmental quality. The GWR model revealed that the economic, social, and physical dimensions explain approximately 38% of the variation in Shiraz’s biophilic-microclimatic index, with effects being heterogeneous and more pronounced in central and northern areas. Therefore, enhancing urban livability in Shiraz requires strengthening microclimatic and biophilic elements, and urban planning should adopt an environment-oriented approach that simultaneously considers economic, social, and physical dimensions
Original Article
Fate,meh Chavoshi; Javad Goudini; Mohammad Akbarpour
Abstract
The use of architectural patterns is one of the ways that has been mainly proposed to adapt old and new architecture. The pattern is a law that allows the redefinition of solutions to similar problems. A pattern is a law that allows for the redefinition of solutions to similar problems. Therefore, it ...
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The use of architectural patterns is one of the ways that has been mainly proposed to adapt old and new architecture. The pattern is a law that allows the redefinition of solutions to similar problems. A pattern is a law that allows for the redefinition of solutions to similar problems. Therefore, it can be repeated and help solve existing problems. The purpose of this article is to identify and present general and detailed characteristics of the architectural patterns of Anarak village so that they can be used to help the future development of this settlement.
Methods: The present study has used a qualitative method and a historical interpretation strategy for this work. It has also used observation, photography, plan collection, etc. for this work, especially to identify patterns. 30 residential units of this village were collected and their coordinates were categorized and introduced.
Results: Based on the findings, it can be said that the architectural patterns of Anarak can be examined in four categories. In the first pattern, the architecture of residential units is without a courtyard and is closely related to the outside space, especially the outdoor terraces. This pattern has a modest spatial structure and its geometry is derived from the uneven terrain, with less order than other patterns. In the second pattern, the house is slightly larger and has a courtyard next to or adjacent to it. The number of spaces in this pattern has increased and the spatial structure is formed in connection with the courtyard. The third pattern or pattern is also based on the same courtyard structure but on two floors. The fourth pattern, or the central courtyard pattern, is accompanied by a more complete order and spatial structure. The article continues by interpreting the reasons for the formation of these patterns.
Original Article
Mahsa Sholeh; Reihaneh Hadaegh
Abstract
Given the detrimental effects of increased motorized vehicle use on urban mobility and public health, this study focuses on identifying and enhancing child‑friendly design attributes within health‑oriented pedestrian paths. Two exemplar routes—Shajarian and Vahdat—were selected to examine how ...
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Given the detrimental effects of increased motorized vehicle use on urban mobility and public health, this study focuses on identifying and enhancing child‑friendly design attributes within health‑oriented pedestrian paths. Two exemplar routes—Shajarian and Vahdat—were selected to examine how safety, accessibility, aesthetic quality, and interactive recreational amenities can elevate satisfaction and vitality for children and their families. In this context, six core dimensions of a child‑friendly “health ways (trails)” have been defined— (1) Safety, Security & Comfort; (2) Urban Space & playing area; (3) Social Interaction; (4) Child‑Scale Considerations; (5) Environment & Green Space; and (6) Accessibility—and their associated indicators have been established and are herein analyzed.
Employing an applied, descriptive comparative design, the study began with a comprehensive literature review to extract relevant indicators for “greenway” typologies. From these, six child friendly pedestrian corridor dimensions were articulated. A field assessment then combined field-observation, photography, document analysis, and a structured questionnaire administered to 90 children and their parents and the questionnaire’s validity was confirmed using face validity and a high Cronbach's alpha score (0.942).
Data analysis revealed that the principal drivers of children’s satisfaction are: uniform, standard paving; adequate barriers and lighting; unobstructed paths with clear visual wayfinding; creative, adaptable play areas; and interactive green spaces equipped with child appropriate seating. Comparative evaluation shows Shajarian outperforms Vahdat in safety and landscape quality but requires greater diversity of interactive activities and play facilities. Conversely, Vahdat falls short in engaging children’s participation and providing dedicated child centered amenities.
Drawing on the mapped six dimensions and the identified deficiencies of both corridors—further informed by children’s drawings and feedback—this research proposes targeted strategies and policies to enhance these dynamic urban assets. Implementing these evidence‑based recommendations will improve child‑friendliness, inclusivity, and overall livability of health‑oriented pedestrian spaces for all members of the community
Original Article
saeed kian poor; reza shamsolahi; maryam darbidi; Malek Khabazi khangh
Abstract
This study examined the impact of macroeconomic variables on urban housing demand in Iran from 1998 to 2022. The objective was to identify the economic factors affecting housing demand. Annual time-series data were collected from official sources such as the Central Bank of Iran and the Statistical Center ...
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This study examined the impact of macroeconomic variables on urban housing demand in Iran from 1998 to 2022. The objective was to identify the economic factors affecting housing demand. Annual time-series data were collected from official sources such as the Central Bank of Iran and the Statistical Center of Iran, with the land price index used as a proxy for housing demand. The ARDL model was employed to analyze long-term and short-term relationships, alongside a simplified hedonic approach and the Random Forest machine learning algorithm. Findings revealed that the number of banking facilities had a significant positive impact on housing demand, while inflation negatively affected real housing demand. Scenario analysis for 2025–2031 indicated the influence of macroeconomic policies on housing demand. The study provided valuable tools for housing market policymaking and suggested that controlling inflation and increasing access to facilities could improve market balance.
Original Article
Ezzatolah Asgharizadeh; Manizheh Mollaei; Milad Fathi
Abstract
Objective: With the rapid expansion of urbanization, the City Prosperity Index (CPI) has emerged as a crucial tool for evaluating urban success beyond purely economic indicators. This research aims to measure the efficiency of Karaj metropolitan districts in converting physical inputs—including street ...
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Objective: With the rapid expansion of urbanization, the City Prosperity Index (CPI) has emerged as a crucial tool for evaluating urban success beyond purely economic indicators. This research aims to measure the efficiency of Karaj metropolitan districts in converting physical inputs—including street network spatial configuration (integration, connectivity, and depth) and land-use patterns—into the six pillars of sustainable urban prosperity.
Methodology: This applied study employs a causal-comparative method, analyzing data from 2021 to 2023 (1400-1402 SH) across eight municipal districts of Karaj. Space Syntax techniques and Landsat 8 satellite imagery were utilized to extract physical characteristics. For ranking and efficiency analysis, an integrated approach was adopted, combining Shannon Entropy, the Weighted Aggregates Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) technique, and the Super-Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) mathematical model, supplemented by sensitivity analysis.
Results: The results indicate a significant disparity among the districts, with only District 9 being categorized as "privileged" and efficient. By leveraging high street integration, this district demonstrated the highest efficiency in transforming infrastructure into prosperity. Conversely, District 5 exhibited the lowest efficiency due to a high spatial depth index and extensive barren lands, resulting in a "highly deprived" ranking. Furthermore, findings reveal that most districts face unfavorable conditions regarding productivity and infrastructure development indicators. The Super-Efficiency model revealed an average technical efficiency of 0.78, identifying 'spatial depth' as the most critical factor hindering the efficiency of deprived districts.
Conclusion: The research findings demonstrate that the mere presence of physical infrastructure does not guarantee prosperity; rather, the success of urban districts is a function of efficient spatial management and optimal resource allocation. To mitigate structural gaps, a transition from population-driven growth toward strategically planned development is essential.
Original Article
Asghar Abedini; Faezeh Zakeri; Aynaz Zahed
Abstract
Digital transformation and the expansion of smart technologies have reshaped the nature of urban spaces from a purely physical environment into a multilayered, hybrid structure composed of both material and cybernetic components. Although the concept of cybernetic spaces has been discussed within the ...
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Digital transformation and the expansion of smart technologies have reshaped the nature of urban spaces from a purely physical environment into a multilayered, hybrid structure composed of both material and cybernetic components. Although the concept of cybernetic spaces has been discussed within the theoretical literature of urban planning and urban studies, analytical and integrated examinations of the simultaneous influence of technological infrastructures, digital perception, and digital social interactions on citizens’ spatial experience particularly through the combined use of perceptual and spatial (GIS-based) data remain underexplored in domestic research, especially at the regional scale of Iran’s metropolitan areas. The objective of this study is to analyze the extent and manner of urban spaces’ susceptibility to cybernetic spaces in District 2 of Tabriz Metropolis. Methodologically, the research is applied in purpose and descriptive–analytical in nature, employing a mixed quantitative–spatial approach. Data were collected through a researcher‑designed questionnaire and analyzed using statistical techniques and GIS-based spatial analyses. The statistical population consisted of residents of District 2 of Tabriz, and the sample size was determined as 384 individuals using Cochran’s formula. The findings revealed that components of cybernetic space exert a significant influence on the redefinition of meaning, identity, and quality in urban spaces, with digital perception playing the most prominent role in explaining users’ spatial experience. Spatial analyses further indicated that areas equipped with smart urban infrastructures exhibit higher levels of presence, social interaction, and spatial desirability. Overall, the study’s contribution lies in presenting an analytical model that elucidates the linkage between perceptual and spatial dimensions of cybernetic spaces at a regional scale, offering a scientific basis for smart urban policy-making, design, and planning in Iranian metropolitan contexts.
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