Document Type : Original Article
Author
Department of Architecture, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
Abstract
This research examines how the physical design and spatial organization of parkway corridors shape the frequency and quality of incidental social interactions within the urban context surrounding the Imam Reza Shrine in Mashhad. The central inquiry investigates whether and to what extent the built and environmental characteristics of these linear open spaces create favorable conditions for unplanned social encounters. Recognizing the pivotal role of public open spaces in facilitating everyday social contact, the study analyzes the relationship between key spatial dimensions—accessibility, visual and aesthetic quality, environmental amenities, seating availability, and perceived safety—and levels of user presence and spontaneous interaction.
Method:
A mixed-methods strategy was adopted, combining quantitative measurement with qualitative interpretation. Data collection relied on a structured questionnaire composed of Likert-scale items, dichotomous (yes/no) questions, and one open-ended item designed to capture subjective user perceptions. The study sample included 360 users of three parkway corridors—Hazrat Zahra, Tooba, and Rezvan—situated in Mashhad’s Samen district. Respondents were recruited through purposive sampling. Quantitative data were processed using SPSS version 26, while qualitative responses were analyzed via SPSS Text Analytics to extract recurring themes and interpret experiential insights.
Results:
The analysis indicates a statistically significant relationship between parkway design attributes and the level of incidental social interaction. Features such as sufficient seating, green elements and attractive landscapes, walkable and accessible pathways, supportive environmental facilities, and a strong perception of safety were found to increase users’ inclination to pause and spend time in the space. Extended presence, in turn, enhances opportunities for spontaneous encounters. Perceived safety and overall satisfaction emerged as mediating variables reinforcing both presence and interaction.
Conclusion:
The findings demonstrate that context-responsive, human-centered parkway design can effectively strengthen incidental social interaction, intensify user presence, and enrich the overall urban experience, particularly in dense areas adjacent to major religious destinations.
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