Original Article
Azadeh Mohajer Milani; Homa Assarzadeh
Abstract
The phenomenon of urbanization has brought about major changes in cities, which are often not sufficiently correlated with social needs. Therefore, in recent decades, planning to improve social interactions in urban spaces has been recognized as a turning point in urban development. This study considers ...
Read More
The phenomenon of urbanization has brought about major changes in cities, which are often not sufficiently correlated with social needs. Therefore, in recent decades, planning to improve social interactions in urban spaces has been recognized as a turning point in urban development. This study considers the identification of urban infrastructures responsive to pedestrian needs as one of the most fundamental ways to establish necessary social connections, and in response to the question of how environmental design affects pedestrian movement in urban space, it conducted a combined approach of Space Syntax Analysis and field perception in a case study from Tajrish Square to Ghods Square. This method provides a comprehensive interpretation of the impact of the body on the perception and movement behavior of citizens and leads to the identification of appropriate physical changes to significantly improve social interactions. The results of the analyses showed that pedestrian movement flows in accordance with the urban index elements. The continuity of pavements and the creation of safe pedestrian crossings were also identified as key components at the next level. This study found that the combination of vegetation and footpaths was effective in increasing the attractiveness and desire to walk, and emphasizes that the integration of natural and man-made components in the design of the urban environment not only improves pedestrian flows and the quality of urban spaces, but also has a direct impact on increasing social interactions and the dynamism of urban spaces. The findings of this study can help urban planners and designers to design more dynamic and efficient urban environments by better understanding the relationship between environmental design and social behavior.
Original Article
Foroogh khazaeenezhad; Ali Hosingholizade; Ali Hosseini; hasan parsipoor
Abstract
With the increase in the population of the elderly and the ever-increasing expansion of the population of cities, the necessity of adapting urban development to the priorities of the elderly in order to participate as much as possible in this segment of the society is raised more than in the past. In ...
Read More
With the increase in the population of the elderly and the ever-increasing expansion of the population of cities, the necessity of adapting urban development to the priorities of the elderly in order to participate as much as possible in this segment of the society is raised more than in the past. In order to achieve an elderly-friendly city, it is necessary to examine the current state of the city and inform it to the city managers in order to plan and formulate future design policies. For this purpose, there are various methods to check the current situation of the city,one of these location-oriented methods is the use of OWA method with GIS. In this research, age-friendliness by using 9 layers including:access to public transportation, urban green space, medical services, public libraries and sports centers along with the layers of air pollution, urban traffic, noise pollution and thermal pollution with the OWA method A survey was conducted in 49 neighborhoods of Bojnord city. The results showed that the development of Bojnord city from the point of view of urban geriatrics has not spread uniformly everywhere and the central part is better than the new parts of the city despite its older texture. Also, its central and eastern parts have better conditions than other parts of the city, and the southern part was shown to be very unsuitable. Based on this, Seyyed Jamal, Sardaran and Jajermi neighborhoods have been identified as three desirable neighborhoods, and Daneshgah, Ahmedabad and Malekesh neighborhoods have been identified as undesirable based on nine criteria. These results are highly consistent with the field visit and completion of the questionnaire along with processing the resulting data using the Copeland method. Therefore, it is suggested that while developing all neighborhoods, the southern, southwestern and eastern should be given more priority.
Original Article
mostafa movasati; Hassan Ahmadzadeh; Ali Panahi
Abstract
Vulnerability to earthquakes is a big issue in the cities of different countries, which has harmful consequences in different dimensions. By identifying the effective factors on reducing vulnerability and resilience against earthquakes, crisis management and reducing the consequences of this hazard can ...
Read More
Vulnerability to earthquakes is a big issue in the cities of different countries, which has harmful consequences in different dimensions. By identifying the effective factors on reducing vulnerability and resilience against earthquakes, crisis management and reducing the consequences of this hazard can be achieved. Examining the state of vulnerability of different areas of Tabriz metropolis during the earthquake shows that the plans, forecasts and measures taken to make these areas resilient were not that effective. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify the drivers effective in reducing the vulnerability and resilience of Tabriz metropolis against earthquakes and to develop possible scenarios for the horizon of 1422. This research is applied in terms of purpose, analytical-exploratory in terms of nature, descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method and mixed (quantitative-qualitative) data analysis. The statistical population of the research is 35 interdisciplinary experts in the fields of vulnerability and resilience and the future research approach, who were selected with the purposeful sampling method. In this research, 44 primary factors were extracted and With the structural analysis in the Mikmak software, eleven main factors have been identified as key drivers effective in reducing vulnerability and resilience. Based on the results of the factor impact matrix, out of a total of 3,398 direct impact factors, the variables of the physical sector have had the greatest impact on the future vulnerability of different areas of Tabriz metropolis against the earthquake crisis. Finally, by determining the critical uncertainties through the consensus index as well as the inductive method, three golden, static and critical scenarios have been obtained for the horizon of 1422.
Original Article
Leyla Soheylivand
Abstract
Housing is one of the most important elements and factors in achieving sustainable development based on inclusive justice. How to access housing for different groups in society, So far, different programs have been put on the agenda under the title of "solutions" to resolve the housing problems ...
Read More
Housing is one of the most important elements and factors in achieving sustainable development based on inclusive justice. How to access housing for different groups in society, So far, different programs have been put on the agenda under the title of "solutions" to resolve the housing problems of low-income urban groups. But these plans have only been a palliative for the swelling wound of housing among these income groups; The analysis of the current conditions of Tabriz city in relation to low-income housing planning indicates that the current distance between the system and the goals and ideals of the basic planning plan and the development plan document of East Azerbaijan province is very large, so what is needed is a revision of the macro-management approaches and the use of new tools in planning. For this purpose, this research has tried to identify and analyze the key drivers affecting the provision of suitable housing for low-income groups in Tabriz city. In this research, first, using the environmental and Delphi scanning techniques, 40 primary factors were extracted in four dimensions of physical-spatial indicators, economic indicators, social indicators and environmental indicators, and then using the managers' Delphi method, a matrix of cross-effects of the components was formed. In the next stage, the matrix was analyzed using the Miq-Maq software. Finally, considering the high score of direct and indirect influence of factors, sixteen main factors have been identified as key drivers in providing suitable housing for low-income groups in the Tabriz metropolis. Among the drivers studied, the physical-spatial dimension variables have the greatest impact on providing housing for the target groups in the study area, and the factors related to the environmental dimension have the lowest degree of impact.
Original Article
Parmis Naseri; Ali Zeynali Aim; Asadollah Shafizadeh; Solmaz Babazadeh Oskouei
Abstract
Bridges in contemporary and historical urban spaces were considered part of tourism spaces in the city. Due to the emergence of the issue of identity and the extreme importance of objective and functional issues in the modern period, an opposite movement took place that directed theorists more towards ...
Read More
Bridges in contemporary and historical urban spaces were considered part of tourism spaces in the city. Due to the emergence of the issue of identity and the extreme importance of objective and functional issues in the modern period, an opposite movement took place that directed theorists more towards human and semantic factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors in the identity of urban spaces, a case study of historical and contemporary tourism bridges. This research, with a mixed method and qualitative approach in quantitative "nest by nest", first collected library information with documentary technique related to the topic, then used the interview technique to verify the obtained components in theoretical bases. The components extracted from the questionnaire were made with a Likert scale and distributed among the bridge users. The results were analyzed with "EViews" software and various statistics were used in the analysis of the results. From the regression results, the average coefficient of determination of contemporary and historical bridges is deduced that in historical periods certain components were used to create identity in bridges as an urban space, the important point in historical bridges is that according to the body and decorations Bridges, the family factor has played a colorful role in creating a sense of belonging to a place, while in contemporary bridges, due to the proximity of various functions, entertainment, business and tourism, the coefficients of the identity components in the social and spatial fields are more.
Original Article
mohammad taghi pirbabaei; Atefeh Sedaghati; Mohammadreza Ezzati Mehr
Abstract
Mass and space, as two key elements in urban design, play a significant role in shaping built environments. However, in many Mehr and National Housing projects, prioritization of rapid and low-cost construction has overlooked the quality of public spaces and residents' social interactions. This ...
Read More
Mass and space, as two key elements in urban design, play a significant role in shaping built environments. However, in many Mehr and National Housing projects, prioritization of rapid and low-cost construction has overlooked the quality of public spaces and residents' social interactions. This research, by examining various examples from Iranian cities such as Sahand, Bojnord, Golbahar, Shirvan, Rasht, Fooladshahr, and Golman, seeks to identify the dominant patterns in the organization of masses and spaces and their impact on residents' quality of life. The present study is a comparative analysis. Data collection was conducted through library studies, field observations, and questionnaires within a unified timeframe. Data analysis was performed using SPSS26 software, employing the mean scores method and Friedman test. According to the results, the design and construction patterns of Mehr and National Housing projects in different Iranian cities follow a unified framework. Considering the three dimensions of physical-spatial, functional, and aesthetic-landscape, the evaluated cases were found to be suboptimal. For instance, Fooladshahr scored the highest in the physical-spatial and aesthetic-landscape dimensions, with scores of 3.4 and 3.05, respectively. Similarly, Rasht scored the highest in the functional dimension with a score of 3.26. Based on the final results, Fooladshahr ranked first among the studied cities, while Golman ranked last. The findings of this research can serve as a foundation for revising design policies and improving the spatial quality of housing development projects in Iran.
Original Article
Ahmad Zanghabeh; Tajaddin Karami; Mohammad Soleimani; Amer Nikpour; Morteza Rezazadeh
Abstract
In modern societies, consumer behavior and luxurious lifestyles in urban spaces have contributed to the formation of conspicuous and disordered consumption patterns, leading to the emergence of elite areas and the spatial polarization of cities. The aim of this article is to examine and analyze the phenomenon ...
Read More
In modern societies, consumer behavior and luxurious lifestyles in urban spaces have contributed to the formation of conspicuous and disordered consumption patterns, leading to the emergence of elite areas and the spatial polarization of cities. The aim of this article is to examine and analyze the phenomenon of conspicuous consumption in urban spaces using the framework of Thorsten Veblen's "casual class" theory. The research method is interpretive-deductive and the type of applied research is research and development. The method of collecting data and information is based on the content analysis of scientific documents, media, social networks and advertisements to identify conspicuous consumption patterns and their representation in society. The method of analyzing data and information is content analysis. The research findings indicate that conspicuous consumption in cities exacerbates urban inequalities. In urban spaces, luxury shopping malls, expensive restaurants and special commercial areas have emerged as mushroom growths as symbols of wealth and status. These spaces are often advertised as exclusive places for the wealthy and access to them is limited for the general public. Other findings of the research show that conspicuous consumption has led to an increase in land and housing prices, strengthening luxury industries, reducing access to resources, inflation and financial pressure on the urban economy, and attracting investment and luxury tourism. Conspicuous consumption is widely represented in the media and social networks with an emphasis on the display of luxury goods, aristocratic lifestyles and luxuries. The dominant patterns include an emphasis on famous brands, luxury travel and special events. These representations often cause imitation and a desire for conspicuous consumption in society and exacerbate social inequalities and pressure to consume. In the environmental dimension, it was also found that conspicuous consumption has led to a waste of resources and energy,
Original Article
Hassan Mahmoudzadeh; Firouz Jafari; Ghazal Haghi
Abstract
Abstract
The article discusses the significant transformations in urban development that occurred in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, leading to the emergence of "urban regeneration" as a response to uncontrolled development and a focus on economic growth. This approach emphasizes community ...
Read More
Abstract
The article discusses the significant transformations in urban development that occurred in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, leading to the emergence of "urban regeneration" as a response to uncontrolled development and a focus on economic growth. This approach emphasizes community participation and integrates economic, social, environmental, and cultural dimensions, evolving into the concept of "sustainable urban regeneration." The historic Sahib al-Amr district and Shotorban Bazaar in Tabriz is highlighted as an area in need of regeneration due to its cultural value but current physical deterioration, social decline, and economic challenges.
The study aims to identify and prioritize strategies for regenerating this district using a mixed-methods research design, including SWOT analysis and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) model. Key findings suggest that successful regeneration requires strategies that strengthen the area's historical identity, enhance tourism, organize urban spaces, and promote public participation. The top priority identified is "Strengthening the Historical and Cultural Identity of the Urban Fabric," followed by enhancing tourism experiences, organizing urban spaces, and promoting community awareness and participation. The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach that addresses various aspects of sustainability for effective urban regeneration.
Original Article
Mohsen Babaei; Mohammad Pordel
Abstract
Demolition of residential buildings is one of the primary contributors to construction waste, significantly impacting the environment and accounting for a substantial portion of total construction waste. In this context, identifying and analyzing the factors influencing owners' decisions regarding ...
Read More
Demolition of residential buildings is one of the primary contributors to construction waste, significantly impacting the environment and accounting for a substantial portion of total construction waste. In this context, identifying and analyzing the factors influencing owners' decisions regarding building demolition can improve the estimation of construction waste and, ultimately, aid in better management of such waste. A review of previous studies reveals that both latent and explicit variables play a role in property owners' preferences for either demolishing or retaining their buildings. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors driving property owners to demolish residential buildings. The primary objective of the research is to determine the key factors influencing owners' decisions to demolish residential properties. To achieve this, the study employed multiple linear regression (MLR), analyzing data gathered through structured questionnaires distributed among property owners. The collected data were processed using SPSS statistical software to examine the relationships between various factors and owners' preferences. The findings indicated that factors such as the neighborhood fabric, average property value in the area, property size, building age, adjusted road width, and the number of existing floors significantly impact owners' decisions to demolish their properties. Statistical analysis demonstrated that all identified factors, except the number of existing floors, showed a significance level of 0.0001 in influencing demolition decisions. Among these, building age and neighborhood type had the most pronounced effect on owners' decisions. By identifying the factors influencing demolition decisions, it is possible to pinpoint buildings at risk of demolition and accurately estimate the volume of construction waste generated using established waste production rates.
Original Article
Alireza Khatibi; Ali Shamsoddini; Mohamad Ali Khaliji,
Abstract
The urban area of Tehran is home to nearly 16 million people. This privacy has been local until now to attack the land grabbers and the invasion of the poor and even some official organizations in the form of cooperatives that the areas of spatial division have marked it. Such privacy needs an efficient, ...
Read More
The urban area of Tehran is home to nearly 16 million people. This privacy has been local until now to attack the land grabbers and the invasion of the poor and even some official organizations in the form of cooperatives that the areas of spatial division have marked it. Such privacy needs an efficient, comprehensive management, with appropriate consistency and efficiency, and most importantly integrated and comprehensive to prevent the loss of this amount of its remaining valuable spaces. The main goal of this research is to use Meta-SWOT software as a strategic technique in the direction of sustainable development and protection of the 15th district municipality. The required information in terms of the data of this research has been collected from the study and review of existing articles, books and theses, as well as the data of related departments and organizations such as the General Department of Tehran Municipal Privacy, Iran Statistics Center. The research type of this research is applied in terms of targeting and descriptive and analytical in terms of methodology. To select the panel of experts the snowball sampling method was used, which ultimately led to the selection of 12 people. The findings of this research show that environmental destruction, unauthorized constructions, land grabbing, migration and informal settlements and disparate management are the biggest challenges and threatening factors for the protection and sustainable development of the 15th district municipality.
Original Article
Mana V; Mohammadreza Pourjafar; Mojtaba Rafieian
Abstract
An ideal urban environment can provide people with a sense of comfort and ease, contributing to the promotion of positive public emotions. However, during the rapid urban development process, dense and busy urban environments have triggered mental stress and anxiety among people, leading to the reinforcement ...
Read More
An ideal urban environment can provide people with a sense of comfort and ease, contributing to the promotion of positive public emotions. However, during the rapid urban development process, dense and busy urban environments have triggered mental stress and anxiety among people, leading to the reinforcement of negative emotions. Nevertheless, the reality is that the lack of useful information about the relationship between multidimensional urban environments and emotions has hindered progress toward understanding which elements in cities affect public emotions and how the built urban environment can be improved to create more human-centered urban spaces. An important issue often overlooked in urban planning and design is the failure to consider the deep connection between urban spaces and people’s everyday emotions, which can result in cities with dull and lifeless spaces. The aim of this research is to explain and identify the dominant themes in studies related to the "urban emotions" layer, utilizing tools such as systematic review and meta-analysis. To address the research objective, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, with the research population consisting of Persian and English scientific articles. The search was carried out manually, based on relevant keywords (emotions, urban studies), and according to the type of proposed hypothesis, approximately 2086 studies were identified. There has been limited research on emotions such as feelings of rejection in urban spaces and urban isolation. Furthermore, the emotions of children and women have not been sufficiently explored in depth, indicating a significant research gap in this area. The final outcome of this research is a theoretical framework of the dimensions and factors influencing the formation of emotions in cities, aimed at improving the urban quality of these spaces.
Original Article
Mohsen Ahadnejad Reveshty; Mohamad tagh heydari; Hossein Tahmasebi Moghadam; Amirhossein Sheikh Mohammadi
Abstract
The increasing urban population in recent decades has subjected cities to various forces and challenges, including urban traffic, the growth of informal settlements, uncontrolled urban expansion, and social anomalies. These issues, both directly and indirectly, lead to increased crime rates, unemployment, ...
Read More
The increasing urban population in recent decades has subjected cities to various forces and challenges, including urban traffic, the growth of informal settlements, uncontrolled urban expansion, and social anomalies. These issues, both directly and indirectly, lead to increased crime rates, unemployment, and limited access to adequate urban services, all of which negatively impact urban quality of life. Understanding the spatial form, structure, and growth of a city can play a crucial role in the success of urban planners and policymakers. In this context, the present study analyzes the spatial distribution of smart growth indicators in the regions of Zanjan city using objective and spatial data. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied, with data collected through documentary and library-based methods. For spatial analysis, the TODIM model and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were applied within a Geographic Information System (GIS). The findings indicate that the overall residential density, net building density, and building concentration percentage are of high significance. Furthermore, the rate of consistency in the pairwise comparison of the research criteria is less than 0.1. Among the 27 districts of Zanjan city, district 7-1 (Karmandan neighborhood) with a score of 1 is in an optimal condition, whereas districts 9-3 (Fatemieh neighborhood), 5-1, and 8-2, with a score of 0, are in an unfavorable condition. These results can assist urban planners in developing optimal strategies for urban growth management and improving urban quality of life.
Original Article
Rasoul Ghorbani; Hadi Hakimi; sahand agazadeh
Abstract
Abstract:
Sustainable housing in neighborhoods is a crucial factor that is being emphasized globally today, given the focus on implementing practical planning. The issue of sustainable housing in different neighborhoods not only highlights disparities but also allows for the development of appropriate ...
Read More
Abstract:
Sustainable housing in neighborhoods is a crucial factor that is being emphasized globally today, given the focus on implementing practical planning. The issue of sustainable housing in different neighborhoods not only highlights disparities but also allows for the development of appropriate strategies and provisions for achieving housing sustainability. This research aims to identify the most essential factors for sustainable housing development in various neighborhoods of Urmia. To this end, criteria for achieving sustainable housing development were first identified, prioritized, and scored based on the opinions of 10 expert housing specialists. According to the experts, the high-priority goals in Urmia are promoting a sense of belonging in neighborhoods, enhancing social security, increasing public participation, providing access to healthy housing, reducing pollution, and minimizing environmental damage. Based on these goals, comparisons were made in two areas: physical-environmental sustainability and socio-economic sustainability. Then, the MetaSwot model was used to compare the level of implementation of sustainable housing principles across different neighborhoods. The research findings indicate that environmental protection, adequate living space, proper housing equipment, physical stability, and a dynamic community are the most essential internal factors for achieving sustainable housing in Urmia. At the same time, factors such as a weak economy, the destruction and loss of orchards, rising housing material prices, and cultural conflicts are the most influential external factors. Overall, considering the scientific criteria related to the subject, planned neighborhoods offer more suitable conditions for realizing sustainable housing, followed by older, unplanned neighborhoods.
Keywords: Housing, Neighborhood, Sustainability, Meta-SWOT ,Urmia
Original Article
Ghader ahmadi; Mojtaba Azmoun
Abstract
Today, urban heat islands have become one of the most challenging topics in urban studies, and in addition to their primary impact on average temperatures, they can also have secondary effects on local climatic conditions. This phenomenon is mainly caused by excessive surface heating and heat retention, ...
Read More
Today, urban heat islands have become one of the most challenging topics in urban studies, and in addition to their primary impact on average temperatures, they can also have secondary effects on local climatic conditions. This phenomenon is mainly caused by excessive surface heating and heat retention, pollution emissions, human-induced warming, obstruction of wind circulation, and reduced evaporation and transpiration. This research, while addressing various aspects, has attempted to use the Landsat 8 sensor's distinct window algorithm, combining thermal bands 10 and 11 to obtain daytime land surface temperatures, and the MODIS sensor to obtain nighttime land surface temperatures. To determine the heat island areas in the city of Tabriz, two analyses were conducted: global and local spatial autocorrelation using Moran's I, and the hot spot analysis using Getis, both performed in ArcMap software. The maximum impact of the indicators was derived from multiple linear regression analysis in SPSS software. The results indicate that the highest daytime hot spots are in Region 6 around Tabriz Airport with a temperature of 27.27 degrees, while the highest nighttime temperature of 17.07 degrees was recorded in Region 3. According to the spatial analysis by Moran, both heat islands exhibited a clustered pattern. Areas lacking coverage formed the coolest surfaces at night, and the built environment had the least impact with a negative score of 0.897. The influencing factors on nighttime heat islands were found to be average building density and appropriate orientation.
Original Article
mohammad taqi masoumi; Gholamreza Mokhtariasl; rasol samadzadeh
Abstract
Healthcare services are of particular importance, and access to them is the prerequisite for creating justice in society. The purpose of the current research is to analyze the spatial heterogeneity in the availability of healthcare services, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. In this ...
Read More
Healthcare services are of particular importance, and access to them is the prerequisite for creating justice in society. The purpose of the current research is to analyze the spatial heterogeneity in the availability of healthcare services, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. In this research, to analyze the spatial heterogeneity, first, spatial and descriptive information related to nine indicators in the field of health and treatment in Ardabil city was collected and updated using the OSM database. In the next step, the variables were standardized with the population of the city neighborhoods and turned into an index, and then the weight of the indicators was calculated using the ROC approach of the ranking method. In the last step, the WLC multi-criteria decision model was used to combine the layers. The result showed that there is a strong spatial heterogeneity among the localities and regions of the municipality of Ardabil in terms of health care services, so that the 1st region of the municipality, which corresponds to the geographical center of the city, has a much better situation in terms of services, so that 45% of the population of this region living in 5 localities is in a very privileged situation. On the other hand, regions 4 and 5 of the municipality have an unfavorable situation in terms of health services, and 81 and 73 percent of the population of these regions are in a very deprived situation, respectively. Out of all the neighborhoods in the city, 12 are very deprived, 15 are deprived, 12 are average, 7 are privileged and 5 are in a very privileged situation.
Original Article
Raheleh Parvin; hossein esmaeili sangari; Akbar Abdollahzadeh Taraf
Abstract
Historical Bazaars are the refuge of social, cultural, economic, and political visas, representing the mana identity of a society. The significance of the nature of the bazaar in Iran, in addition to the rich Iranian culture, is also manifested in social aspects. The World Heritage Complex of the Historical ...
Read More
Historical Bazaars are the refuge of social, cultural, economic, and political visas, representing the mana identity of a society. The significance of the nature of the bazaar in Iran, in addition to the rich Iranian culture, is also manifested in social aspects. The World Heritage Complex of the Historical Bazaar of Tabriz, with its history of cultural richness, certainly plays a great role in promoting social approaches. However, by reflecting on the transformation of social capital in the essence of the synergy of values and socialization, it increasingly reveals the necessity of applying the indicators of sustainable development in terms of continuity. Therefore, the present study aims to answer the main question "What are the key components of social sustainability in the development of the social capital of the World Heritage Complex of the Tabriz Historical Bazaar?" , investigates the factors affecting socialization in expressing the indicators of sustainable social development in the categories of "form" and "content". The research method is descriptive-analytical and qualitative with a self-ethnography approach. In this way, in the interpretation of library studies, historical documents, and random interviews according to the grounded theory, in the 7 steps of the Sandulsky and Barroso model, the expression of the researcher's experiences is pragmatically involved. In the meantime, it uses the CASP method in filtering the written materials appropriate to the purpose of the research, as well as the MAXQDA 2020 software in obtaining the items. Therefore, to explain the components of the development of social sustainability, the scrutiny of subjective elements in identifying the needs of activists by creating collective spaces in the maximum and confronting social anomalies in the socio-cultural aspect is valuable in the category of social capital continuity.
Original Article
HAHIDEH REZAEI; rahmat mohammadzade
Abstract
For hundreds, and perhaps thousands, of years, people around the world gathered to exchange goods and services necessary for their livelihoods. These spaces, commonly called "commercial spaces," often became an inseparable part of living communities. The purpose of this study is to conduct ...
Read More
For hundreds, and perhaps thousands, of years, people around the world gathered to exchange goods and services necessary for their livelihoods. These spaces, commonly called "commercial spaces," often became an inseparable part of living communities. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the forms of commercial spaces in the West and traditional markets in the East (Middle East) during the classical era, employing a comparative study method with analytical-descriptive approaches. Data collection was conducted through library research. The findings indicate that the concept of markets in the West differs from that in the Middle East, where markets played a fundamental role in the urban structure and acted as the heart and primary driving force for the growth and formation of cities, accompanied by architecture and urban spaces suited to the local environment. These markets significantly influenced economic, social, and political communications on both regional and national scales. For citizens, they were essential for creating sensory richness and strengthening a sense of belonging, reflecting the multifunctionality, indigenous architecture, and the close relationship of the market with local neighborhoods.
In contrast, in the Western context, commercial spaces developed alongside other important buildings in the central city square or along main streets, featuring rich architecture, diverse landscapes, and a homogeneous mix of functions. These commercial spaces served not only for trade and local buying and selling but also as venues for political gatherings and festivals. In the West, commercial spaces, aligned with their architectural context and offering diverse activities, contributed to fostering a sense of belonging among individuals. However, it seems that due to the lack of functional cohesion with surrounding neighborhoods, users may experience a lesser sense of belonging compared to Eastern markets
)
