Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 PhD in Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Visiting Lecturer at Buin Zahra Technical and Engineering Higher Education Center, Qazvin, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Buin Zahra Technical and Engineering Higher Education Center, Qazvin, Iran.
Abstract
The unbalanced and unequal development of urban spatial organization has deprived citizens of equitable access to spatial justice, resulting in growing spatial, social, and economic disparities throughout the urban fabric. This pattern is particularly pronounced in many Iranian cities, including Qazvin, where unequal access to urban services, infrastructure, and public spaces has created significant urban management challenges. The present study, selecting Qazvin as its case study, seeks to identify the key factors influencing the realization of spatial justice in urban spatial organization and to offer strategies for its revitalization and restructuring. The overarching objective is to formulate a more balanced and inclusive model of urban development in which all social groups enjoy equal opportunities to access urban resources, services, and spaces. In the initial stage of the study, 41 indicators influencing spatial justice in urban spatial organization were identified through comprehensive documentary and literature review. These indicators were then evaluated through expert consultations using the Delphi method. Structural analysis was conducted using MICMAC software to determine the most influential and interrelated factors. The research findings reveal that eight key factors are central to achieving spatial justice: balancing settlement patterns and population distribution across urban neighborhoods; developing inclusive public spaces for diverse age and gender groups; enhancing intra- and inter-city transport infrastructure; implementing participatory spatial planning; promoting affordable and mixed housing; increasing employment diversity across urban districts; integrating advanced technologies; and encouraging private investment in less-developed areas. These factors contribute directly to improving urban quality of life, reducing spatial inequalities, and increasing citizen satisfaction. Moreover, spatial justice, as a cornerstone of sustainable urban development, can enhance social cohesion and strengthen social capital. Nonetheless, barriers such as fragmented policymaking, lack of integrated planning, and insufficient responsiveness to residents’ needs can significantly limit the effectiveness of these efforts.
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