Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 University of Urmia
2 Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Urban Planning and Art, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Abstract
Digital transformation and the expansion of smart technologies have reshaped the nature of urban spaces from a purely physical environment into a multilayered, hybrid structure composed of both material and cybernetic components. Although the concept of cybernetic spaces has been discussed within the theoretical literature of urban planning and urban studies, analytical and integrated examinations of the simultaneous influence of technological infrastructures, digital perception, and digital social interactions on citizens’ spatial experience particularly through the combined use of perceptual and spatial (GIS-based) data remain underexplored in domestic research, especially at the regional scale of Iran’s metropolitan areas. The objective of this study is to analyze the extent and manner of urban spaces’ susceptibility to cybernetic spaces in District 2 of Tabriz Metropolis. Methodologically, the research is applied in purpose and descriptive–analytical in nature, employing a mixed quantitative–spatial approach. Data were collected through a researcher‑designed questionnaire and analyzed using statistical techniques and GIS-based spatial analyses. The statistical population consisted of residents of District 2 of Tabriz, and the sample size was determined as 384 individuals using Cochran’s formula. The findings revealed that components of cybernetic space exert a significant influence on the redefinition of meaning, identity, and quality in urban spaces, with digital perception playing the most prominent role in explaining users’ spatial experience. Spatial analyses further indicated that areas equipped with smart urban infrastructures exhibit higher levels of presence, social interaction, and spatial desirability. Overall, the study’s contribution lies in presenting an analytical model that elucidates the linkage between perceptual and spatial dimensions of cybernetic spaces at a regional scale, offering a scientific basis for smart urban policy-making, design, and planning in Iranian metropolitan contexts.
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