نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی و پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فائزه طاهری سرمد ¹
• مریم نویدی ²

¹ استادیار ،گروه معماری، واحد اسلام آباد غرب،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،اسلام آباد غرب، ایران

² کارشناس ارشد معماری،واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،کرمانشاه ،ایران

چکیده

محله چنانی درشهر کرمانشاه نیازمند مداخلات هدفمند در راستای بازآفرینی شهری است.در این میان، بهره‌گیری از رویکرد برنامه‌ریزی اولویت‌دار امکان شناسایی مؤلفه‌های کلیدی مؤثر را فراهم سازد.هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل و اولویت‌بندی مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر بازآفرینی شهری محله چنانی، در چارچوب شش شاخص (کالبدی-فضایی، اجتماعی-فرهنگی، کارکردی-خدماتی، اقتصادی، مدیریتی و زیست‌محیطی) است. روش پژوهش از نظر ماهیت، کاربردی و از نظر شیوه، توصیفی-تحلیلی است که دربخش نظری از مطالعات اسنادی و منابع کتابخانه‌ای بهره گیری شد.سپس گویه‌های پژوهش براساس شش شاخص بازآفرینی مورد سنجش قرار می‌گیرد. ابزار مورد استفاده در این پژوهش مشاهده میدانی، پرسشنامه (طیف لیکرت) و مصاحبه می‌باشد. جامعه آماری شامل ساکنان محله چنانی و حجم نمونه طبق محاسبه و جدول مورگان برابر با 278 نفر انتخاب شده است. ضریب آلفا کرونباخ برای سؤالات پژوهش 823/0 محاسبه شده که نمایانگر پایایی پرسشنامه می‌باشد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون‌های آماری شامل آزمون t تک نمونه‌ای و آزمون فریدمن برای سنجش وضعیت موجود و رتبه‌بندی متغیرها، و از آزمون‌های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی (EFA) و ماتریس همبستگی برای کاهش ابعاد، بررسی روابط بین متغیرها و میزان تأثیرگذاری آن‌ها استفاده شده است. نتایج حاکی از آن است که در وضعیت موجود محله چنانی، شاخص خدماتی-کارکردی، اقتصادی و زیست-محیطی بالاترین رتبه را در ارتقای وضعیت محله داشته‌اند.تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی هشت عامل مؤثر را با مجموع واریانس تبیین شده 92/69 درصد استخراج کرد که در این میان، عامل اول (خدماتی-کالبدی) با بارهای عاملی بالا برای متغیرهای مرتبط با زیرساخت‌های شهری، فضاهای سبز، خدمات امنیتی، آموزشی-رفاهی و کیفیت معماری به‌عنوان مؤثرترین عامل برای برنامه‌ریزی اولویت‌دارشناسایی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بازآفرینی شهری
• برنامه‌ریزی اولویت‌دار
• محلات سنتی
• محله چنانی
• کرمانشاه

موضوعات

• برنامه ریزی شهری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Regeneration of Traditional Neighborhoods in Kermanshah with a Priority-Based Planning Approach (Case Study: Chanani Neighborhood)

نویسندگان [English]

• faezeh taheri ¹
• maryam navidi ²

¹ Assistant professor in Azad university

² M.A in architecture

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Today's cities face unprecedented issues and problems rooted in changing lifestyles, expanding urbanization, and weak resilience in aging infrastructure. Meanwhile, traditional and historical neighborhoods with valuable structures are facing challenges such as physical deterioration, functional exhaustion, reduced quality of life, and security due to neglect of the underlying characteristics; neighborhoods that were once active as economic, social, and cultural centers have now lost part of their urban identity. In response to this situation, urban regeneration has been proposed as a comprehensive and context-oriented approach, with the aim of improving the quality of life, restoring historical identity, strengthening social ties, and utilizing existing capacities. This approach emphasizes precise understanding of the various physical, social, economic, and managerial dimensions of neighborhoods, and by recognizing the needs and potentials of the context, it enables the design of solutions tailored to local conditions. 
The Chanani neighborhood in Kermanshah, as part of the historical context and the initial core of the city's formation, is no exception to this rule. In recent decades, this neighborhood has faced a trend of physical decline and social disintegration due to the physical expansion of the city, changing residential patterns, increased vehicle traffic, and excessive population density and concentration due to its commercial nature. This situation has led to a decrease in the quality of life for residents, migration of the wealthy class, and a decline in the neighborhood's urban identity. Despite limited efforts by urban institutions, no comprehensive and prioritized plan has yet been presented for the regeneration of the neighborhood. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to accurately identify the components affecting neighborhood regeneration and assess their importance using a prioritized approach, which can pave the way for developing practical planning based on real conditions. On this basis, the research seeks to answer these questions: What is the status of the indicators and components of urban regeneration in the historical neighborhood of Chanani in terms of their level of impact and prioritization? What is the relationship between the main components and indicators of regeneration? And which of the indicators and components have the highest factor load and priority for regeneration planning?
 
Materials and Methods
The present study is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. In the theoretical perspective and review of previous studies, the descriptive method is used to achieve relationships between variables and their prioritization based on the analysis of questionnaires, and in terms of time, it is considered a prospective cross-sectional study. The tools used in this research are field observation, a questionnaire on a five-scale Likert scale, and interviews. Thus, first, the criteria to be measured for identifying each of the urban regeneration indicators were determined after a field visit, and then a questionnaire was developed. The sample size is 278 residents of the neighborhood (central part of Chanani neighborhood) and the sampling method in this study is random. Validity assessment by experts and reliability using Cronbach's alpha of 0.823 is considered. For data analysis, considering the normality of the data distribution, a one-sample parametric t-test was used to determine the current situation, and the Friedman test was used to examine the status of the importance of variables (ranking), and factor analysis (EFA) and correlation matrix tests were used to reduce dimensions, examine the relationships between variables, and their impact in order to achieve priority planning for urban regeneration of the Chanani neighborhood.
 
Results
Based on the results of a single-sample t-test to examine the impact of variables on improving the current situation of the Chenani neighborhood, the score of the service-functional, economic, and environmental index of urban regeneration (4/23) and then the cultural-social index of the sense of place component (3/94) were above the average (=3).
Also, based on the results of the Friedman test for ranking the indicators and variables of Chanani neighborhood regeneration, the service-functional, economic, and environmental indicators have the highest rank, followed by the indicators of management and socio-cultural institutions, with almost the same ranks. The results of the ranking of variables also show that the highest rank is related to the variables of the impact of urban infrastructure, green spaces, and welfare-educational facilities, respectively, and the lowest rank is related to the variable of the impact of the old neighborhood texture on the lives of residents.
Also, exploratory factor analysis was designed using the Varimax rotation method and based on 25 variables and identified 8 main factors that explain 69.92% of the total variance. Considering the results and the correlation of each variable, appropriate titles can be selected for each of them, which are:
The first factor is service-physical (urban services and architectural construction quality)
The second factor is social-managerial (social identity and cultural participation)
The third factor is managerial-economic (institutional support and participation)
The fourth factor is physical-architectural design
The fifth factor is cultural-identity
The sixth factor is physical-location and access
The seventh factor is cultural-perceptual (sense of place)
The eighth factor is physical-access and communication network
 
Conclusion
The present study aimed to analyze the status of urban regeneration indicators and components in the historical neighborhood of Chanani and prioritize them in the path of priority planning. The results of the analysis show that all the main regeneration indicators have a significant impact on improving neighborhood conditions; especially the service-functional, economic, and environmental indicators, which play the greatest role in improving environmental quality and residents' well-being.
Exploratory factor analysis showed that there is a significant correlation between the regeneration variables in the study and that an eight-factor structure can be extracted to explain the mechanisms of regeneration in the Chenani neighborhood. Regarding the priority and factor loading of the indicators, it was found that the first factor (service-physical) has the highest factor loading, and indicators such as urban infrastructure, green spaces, educational and security facilities, lighting conditions of buildings, and architectural construction quality have the greatest impact on the formation of regeneration planning. After that, socio-managerial and managerial-economic factors are in the next ranks, which indicates the necessity of institutional support, local participation, and strengthening social capital in the regeneration process.
Therefore, the results of the present study show that for the realization and success of the regeneration process in historical neighborhoods such as Chenani neighborhood, special attention should be paid to the components of urban services, physical environmental quality, social identity, and institutional participation, with a priority view. These findings can pave the way for regeneration strategies for historical neighborhoods in Kermanshah.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Urban Regeneration
• Priority-Oriented Planning
• Traditional Neighborhood
• Chanani Neighborhood
• Kermanshah